KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD)

Biographic and disclosure information

Kidney International (2008) 73 (Suppl 109), S87–S89; doi:10.1038/ki.2008.90

Sharon M Moe, MD, FASN, FAHA, FACP (Work Group Co-Chair), is Professor of Medicine and Vice-Chair for Research at Indiana School of Medicine and staff physician at Roudebush VA Medical Center in Indianapolis, IN. She obtained her medical degree from the University of Illinois and completed her nephrology fellowship at the University of Chicago. Her biomedical research focuses on the relationship of kidney disease, vascular calcification, bone, and disorders of mineral metabolism. Among the many honors she has received are the following: Endowed Lecture Recipient at Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh; Trustee Teaching Award from Indiana University School of Medicine; Elected Member of American Society for Clinical Investigation; Elected Councilor for the American Society of Nephrology; and the 2009 Garabed Eknoyan Award from the NKF. Dr Moe has served on several journal boards and is a member of numerous professional organizations and NIH committees. She has also authored articles for many prominent publications including: American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, Kidney International and Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation.

Advisor/Consultant: Amgen; DiaSorin; Genzyme; INEOS; Litholink; Shire
Royalties: Amgen
Speaker: Amgen; Genzyme
Grant/Research Support: Amgen; Genzyme; INEOS; Shire

Tilman B Drueke, MD, FRCP (Work Group Co-Chair), is Inserm Research Director Emeritus and former Associate Professor of Medicine at Hopital Necker in Paris, France. He began his medical studies at the University of Frankfurt in 1961 and graduated from the Medical School of Tubingen in 1967. Dr Drueke later completed his postdoctoral and research fellowships at the Department of Nephrology, Hopital Necker. Since 1983, he has been Director of Research at Inserm. From 1986 to 1998, he was the director of Inserm Unit 90 at Hopital Necker. In 1998, he was elected as Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. He is an honorary member of the Gesellschaft fur Nephrologie and of the Polish Society of Nephrology. He was elected as Professor honoris causa by Saints Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, in 2008. He was a council member of the Societe de Nephrologie (SN), European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTNA), and International Society of Nephrology (ISN), and a member of the Scientific Program Committee of the American Society of Nephrology in 1999 and 2009. His nephrology interests include chronic renal failure, hemodialysis, metabolic and endocrine abnormalities of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular diseases. He served as Editor-in-Chief for NDT (1999-2005) and currently serves as Associate Editor for CJASN. Dr Drueke is also an editorial board member for Journal of the American Society of Nephrology and Kidney International, a reviewer for numerous other journals, and the author of more than 450 peer-reviewed articles.

Advisor/Consultant: Amgen; Fresenius Medical care; Genzyme; INEOS; Leo; Mitsubishi; Roche; Theraclion
Speaker: Amgen; Chugai; Genzyme; Kirin; Roche
Grant/Research Support: Amgen; Genzyme; Shire

Geoffrey A Block, MD, has dual appointments as Director of Clinical Research at Denver Nephrologists, PC, and as Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver, CO. He completed his fellowship at the University of Michigan and is an executive committee member for the Global Bone and Mineral Initiative. In 2004, Dr Block was awarded the Academic Publications Award by the University of Colorado. His special research interests include examining vascular calcification and clinical outcomes associated with the use of phosphate binders and treatments for secondary HPT.

Advisor/Consultant: Amgen; Cytochroma; Genzyme
Speaker: Genzyme
Grant/Research Support: Amgen; Fresenius; Genzyme; Novartis; Shire

Jorge B Cannata-Andia, MD, PhD, is Professor of Medicine and Head of the Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Servicio Metabolismo Oseo y Mineral, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain. In addition, he holds an appointment with the Bone and Mineral Metabolism Service at Institute Reina Sofia of Investigation in Oviedo, Spain. Dr Cannata-Andia is Immediate Past President of the ERA-EDTA and an author of over 70 journal articles.

Advisor/Consultant: Amgen; Shire
Speaker: Abbott; Genzyme; Shire
Grant/Research Support: Abbott; Amgen

Grahame J Elder, MB, BS, PhD, FRACP, is a renal physician whose principal interest is metabolic bone disease associated with CKD and following kidney and kidney pancreas transplantation. He works in the Department of Renal Medicine at Westmead Hospital and the Bone and Calcium Clinic at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney. He was appointed to the Bone and Mineral Program at the Garvan Institute for Medical Research, where he completed his PhD studies on the molecular genetics and physiology of osteoporosis. He has been involved in writing evidence-based guidelines (the Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment guidelines) and Cochrane reviews in the area of bone and mineral metabolism. He has served on the education committee of Kidney Health Australia, is the director of clinical renal research at Westmead Hospital, and is also a subject editor of the journal Nephrology.

Advisor/Consultant: Abbott; Amgen; Genzyme; Shire/Orphan Australia
Speaker: Abbott; Amgen
Grant/Research Support: Roche

Masafumi Fukagawa, MD, PhD, FASN, is currently Associate Professor and Director of the Division of Nephrology and the Kidney Center at Kobe University School of Medicine (Japan). Dr Fukagawa received his MD in 1983 from the University of Tokyo School of Medicine. Following clinical training in internal medicine and then in nephrology at the University Hospital and affiliated hospitals, he was a research fellow (cell biology, pediatric nephrology, and cardiology) at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, TN (USA) until 1995. In 2000, Dr Fukagawa was appointed as Director of Nephrology in Kobe. Dr Fukagawa's major research interest is mineral metabolism. He chaired a committee for Japanese clinical guidelines for CKD-MBD. He is currently International Editor of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, and also serves as an editorial board member and reviewer for international journals.

Advisor/Consultant: Abbott Japan; Bayer Japan; Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd; Novartis Pharma Co. Ltd
Speaker: Bayer Japan; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd; Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd
Grant/Research Support: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd; Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd

Vanda Jorgetti, MD, PhD, is currently Attending Physician of the Nephrology Department of the University of Sao Paulo Hospital das Clinicas and is responsible for the Renal Osteodystrophy Laboratory at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. She completed fellowships in Internal Medicine and Nephrology in Sao Paulo and in Renal Osteodystrophy at Hopital Necker in Paris, France. She received her PhD from the University of Sao Paulo in 1992. Dr Jorgetti is a member of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology, Brazilian Society for Bone and Mineral Metabolism, and American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. She receives and analyzes bone biopsies from various Brazilian states as well as from other countries in Latin America. In addition, she has trained numerous doctors from Brazil and other countries who work in this area. Her interests include renal bone disease, mineral metabolism, and bone histomorphometry.

Advisor/Consultant: Abbott; Genzyme
Speaker: Genzyme
Grant/Research Support: Abbott; Genzyme; Mantecorp

Markus Ketteler, MD, is Division Chief of Nephrology at Klinikum Coburg, Germany. He earned his medical degree at the University of Heidelberg and completed his internship and residency at the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Steglitz, Free University Berlin. Dr Ketteler was a consultant (Nephrology/Internal Medicine) at the Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Aachen, where he oversaw the Hemodialysis/Transplantation Unit. His major research interests include pathomechanisms of vascular calcifications in uremia, bone disease in renal transplant recipients, and the role of nitric oxide in experimental glomerulonephritis. Dr Ketteler has received numerous awards during his career, including the Award of the European Dialysis and Transplantation Association (EDTA): 'Best Abstract' and 2002 Bernd Tersteegen Award (DDNAe). He is a member of numerous professional societies and serves on the editorial board of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Kidney International, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, and others.

Advisor/Consultant: Abbott; Amgen; Fresenius Medical Care; Genzyme; Shire
Speaker: Abbott; Amgen; Fresenius Medical Care; Genzyme; Shire
Grant/Research Support: Abbott; Amgen; Genzyme

Craig B Langman, MD, is the Isaac A Abt, MD, Professor of Kidney Diseases at the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Head of Kidney Diseases at Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL. He received his medical degree from Hahnemann University and completed his fellowship in Pediatric Nephrology at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania. His research areas have included nephrolithiasis and also disorders of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolism in infants, children, and adolescents. Dr Langman has published more than 170 articles, chapters, and reviews, and currently serves as Associate Editor of the American Journal of Nephrology, and on the editorial boards of Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, European Journal of Pediatrics, and Pediatric Nephrology. He is also listed in every edition of Best Physicians in America, Pediatric Kidney Disease. Dr Langman also serves on many advisory boards, including Brittle Bone Foundation; Cystinosis Research Network; National Kidney Foundation; National Osteoporosis Foundation; and Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation.

Advisor/Consultant: Genzyme
Speaker: Abbott; Genzyme
Grant/Research Support: Amgen

Adeera Levin, MD, FRCPC, is Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of British Columbia, and co-director of the Clinical Investigator Program at the University of British Columbia. She is the Executive Director of the British Columbia Provincial Renal Agency, an organization that manages and coordinates the care of patients with kidney disease in the province of British Columbia. Dr Levin currently serves as Chair of the Curriculum Committee for a new innovative program for the training of Canadian clinical scientists in kidney disease (KRESCENT) and is on the Board of Directors and Executive Committee of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), an international group providing collaborative structure for outcomes research and guideline development in CKD. Her research and clinical activities focus on CKD, comorbidities associated with CKD, mechanisms of disease, and health outcomes research. Dr Levin is a recent recipient of the National Kidney Foundation's Garabed Eknoyan Award (2008) and has authored over 135 peer-reviewed publications and numerous book chapters. She is also presently on the editorial board for Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, and American Journal of Kidney Diseases and is a reviewer for Circulation, New England Journal of Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, Canadian Family Practice, and Kidney International.

Advisor/Consultant: Abbott; Amgen; Genzyme; Ortho Biotech; Shire
Speaker: Abbott; Amgen; Genzyme; Ortho Biotech; Shire
Grant/Research Support: Abbott; Amgen; Genzyme; Ortho Biotech; Shire

Alison M MacLeod, MBChB, MD, FRCP London and Edinburgh, is Professor in the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics at the University of Aberdeen Medical School, UK. She completed her fellowship at the Royal Colleges of Physicians of London and Edinburgh, and has interests in epidemiology of CKD, acute kidney injury, and evidence-based medicine in nephrology. Her research group also conducts systematic literature reviews and she is a member of the Editorial Board of the Cochrane Review Group. Dr MacLeod is a current committee member of the European Renal Registry Executive Committee, Anaemia Management in Chronic Kidney Disease-National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Scientific Committee, and European Renal Association Congress. In addition, she is Chairman of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Renal Failure and a member of the Executive Committee of KDIGO. Dr MacLeod has reported no relevant financial relationships.

Linda McCann, RD, CSR, LD, is the Senior Director of Quality at Satellite Health Care Inc., Mountain View, CA. She completed her internship in General Dietetics with work toward a Master's degree at Indiana University/Purdue University Medical Center. She is currently on the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative and KDIGO advisory boards and has previously served as Chairperson of the NKF Council on Renal Nutrition (CRN), member of the NKF Board of Directors, as well as other local and national NKF and CRN committees. Ms McCann has particular interests in areas relating to nutrition, bone and mineral disorder, and dialysis adequacy. Among the many awards she has received are the following: NKF-CRN Recognized Renal Dietitian (1992), NKF-CRN Special Recognition Award (1998), and NKF-CRN Joel D Kopple Award, and Distinguished Lectureship in Renal Nutrition (2003). Ms McCann is a Certified Specialist in Renal Nutrition and has also published numerous papers in journals and book chapters on this topic.

Advisor/Consultant: Amgen; Genzyme
Speaker: Amgen; Baxter Healthcare; The France Foundation; Genzyme; Prime Medica

Peter A McCullough, MD, MPH, FACC, FACP, FCCP, FAHA, is Consultant Cardiologist and Chief, Division of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine at William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, and Clinical Professor of Health Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA. He completed his medical degree at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in Dallas, residency at the University of Washington in Seattle, cardiology fellowship at William Beaumont Hospital, and master's degree in public health at the University of Michigan.

At Beaumont Hospital, Dr McCullough leads an active clinical and research team that focuses on innovative approaches in preventive medicine. He is an internationally recognized authority on the role of CKD as a cardiovascular risk state with ~500 medical publications, including ~300 peer-reviewed manuscripts and abstracts. His works have appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association, and numerous specialty journals. As a leader in preventive medicine with a personal dedication to health and fitness, Dr McCullough has completed 12 marathons in the United States, Europe, and Canada.

Advisor/Consultant: Amgen; Fresenius; Genzyme; Shire
Grant/Research Support: Abbott Labs

Susan M Ott, MD, is Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle, WA, USA. She obtained her medical degree from the University of Washington where she also completed a nephrology fellowship. Her current research interests include clinical and bone histomorphometric studies of bone metabolism; effects of contraception and lifestyle on bone density in adolescents; mineralization density of bone; bone histomorphometry of women with breast cancer; and renal osteodystrophy. Dr Ott has authored over 100 journal publications, book chapters, and commentaries.

Advisor/Consultant:Zymogenetics
Speaker: Eli Lilly

Angela Yee-Moon Wang, MD, PhD, FRCP, is Honorary Clinical Associate Professor and Associate Consultant in the Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital. Dr Wang received her medical degree from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and is currently an editorial board member of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Journal of Diabetes, Journal of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation. Dr Wang also serves on the advisory board of the Journal of Nephrology. Her areas of interest include the studying of cardiovascular complications in CKD, cardiac biomarkers in CKD, residual renal function in PD, and nutrition in PD. Dr Wang is a recipient of numerous research-related awards, including the John F Maher Award (2006) and the Best Abstract Award from the World Congress of Nephrology (2005).

Advisor/Consultant: Baxter Renal
Speaker: Baxter, Korea; Baxter, Taiwan; Boehringer Ingelheim, UK
Grant/Research Support: Abbott Laboratories Ltd; Baxter Renal

Jose R Weisinger, MD, FACP, is Professor of Medicine and Director of the Clinical Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela. He is Past-President of the Venezuela Society of Nephrology, Latin American Society of Nephrology, and former Head, Division of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Dr Weisinger is currently on the editorial board for the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology; Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension; Nefrologia Latinoamericana; Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation; and The Open Urology and Nephrology Journal. He is a recipient of numerous awards including the Sandoz Prize of Medicine, 'Luis Razetti' Prize of Medicine, Francisco de Venanzi Prize for Research in Medicine, Victor Raul Miatello Award, Distinguished Career in Nephrology by the Latin-American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Distinguished Career in Nephrology by the Venezuela Society of Nephrology. Dr Weisinger's research interests include post-transplant bone disease, postmenopausal uremic bone disease, and kidney stones and bone disease. Dr Weisinger has recently joined Baptist Health South Florida (South Miami and Doctors Hospital) in Miami, Florida, USA.

Advisor/Consultant: Fresenius Medical Care; Genzyme; Novartis; Roche
Speaker: Fresenius Medical Care; Genzyme; Novartis; Roche

David C Wheeler, MD, FRCP, currently holds an academic position (Reader in Nephrology) at the University College London Medical School, a role that combines clinical practice, research, and teaching. He qualified from Birmingham University in 1980 and trained in nephrology in the United Kingdom. In 1992, he was awarded a Medical Research Council Training Fellowship and spent 2 years in Boston, MA, where he focused on exploring the mechanisms of progression of kidney disease. On his return, he worked for 6 years as Consultant Nephrologist at the University Hospital in Birmingham before taking up his current position in 2000. Dr Wheeler is a member of the Executive Committee of KDIGO and has served on the advisory board of the US Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. He is deputy editor of Nephrology, Dialysis Transplantation, UK national co-coordinator for the Study of Heart and Renal Protection, a member of the Steering Committee of the EValuation Of Cinacalcet therapy to Lower CardioVascular Events (EVOLVE) study and past Chairman of the UK Renal Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee.

Advisor/Consultant: Abbott; Amgen; Genzyme, Vifor
Speaker: Abbott; Amgen, Fresenius; Genzyme; Shire
Grant/Research Support: Amgen; Genzyme

KDIGO CO-CHAIRS

Kai-Uwe Eckardt, MD, is Professor of Medicine and Chief of Nephrology and Hypertension at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. He received his MD from the Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster, Germany. In 1993, following postgraduate training in internal medicine, pathology, and physiology, he was appointed Assistant Professor of Physiology at the University of Regensburg, Germany. Subsequently, he continued his training in internal medicine and nephrology at the Charite, Humboldt University in Berlin, where he was appointed Associate Professor of Nephrology in 2000. His major scientific interests are in the molecular mechanisms and physiological/pathophysiological relevance of oxygen sensing and the management of anemia. Professor Eckardt is subject editor of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and serves on the editorial board of several other journals. He contributed to the development of the European Best Practice Guidelines (EBPG) for Anemia Management and is a member of the executive committee of KDIGO. Dr Eckardt is associated with CREATE and TREAT studies.

Advisor/Consultant: Affymax; Amgen; Ortho Biotech; Roche
Speaker: Amgen; Ortho Biotech; Roche
Grant/Research Support: Ortho Biotech; Roche

Bertram L Kasiske, MD, is Professor of Medicine and Medical Director of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation at the University of Minnesota. He received his medical degree from the University of Iowa and completed his Internal Medicine residency and fellowship training in Nephrology at Hennepin County Medical Center where he is also currently the Director of Nephrology and Medical Director of Kidney Transplantation. His primary research interests include areas relating to immunosuppression, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases in transplant recipients. He is a co-investigator in the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of homocysteine (Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction In Transplantation (FAVORIT)), Study of Heart and Renal Protection, and the US Renal Data System. Dr Kasiske has served as Medical/Scientific Representative to the Board of Directors of United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), and is presently the Work Group Co-Chair of KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Care of Kidney Transplant Recipients. He has published over 200 journal articles and most recently contributed book chapters in The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology, Brenner and Rector's The Kidney, and Kidney Transplantation: Principles and Practice.

Advisor/Consultant: Astellas; Litholink; Novartis; Wyeth
Grant/Research Support: Bristol Myers Squibb; Merck-Schering Plough

EVIDENCE REVIEW TEAM

Katrin Uhlig, MD, MS, is the Director, Guideline Development at the Tufts Center for Kidney Disease Guideline Development and Implementation, Boston, MA, Assistant Professor of Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, and a staff nephrologist at Tufts Medical Center. Dr Uhlig completed her training in internal medicine, nephrology, and rheumatology in Germany (Aachen University Hospital and Munich University Hospital) and the United States (Georgetown University Medical Center and Tufts Medical Center). Since 2001, she has been participating in or directing the evidence review for Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative and KDIGO guidelines. In 2005, she co-chaired the KDIGO Evidence Rating Group to develop a consensus on grading of KDIGO guidelines. From 2006 to 2007, she served as Co-Editor of the American Journal of Kidney Diseases. Her focus in teaching and research is in evidence-based medicine, systematic review, clinical practice guideline development, and critical literature appraisal. Dr Uhlig has reported no relevant financial relationships.

Ranjani Moorthi, MD, MPH, MS, served as a research fellow at the Tufts Center for Kidney Disease Guideline Development and Implementation in Boston, MA, from June 2006 to July 2008. She participated in the conduct of systematic reviews and critical literature appraisals for this guideline. Her research interests include phosphorus and calcium metabolism and their relationship with vascular access outcomes in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Dr Moorthi has reported no relevant financial relationships.

Amy Earley, BS, is a project coordinator at the Tufts Center for Kidney Disease Guideline Development and Implementation in Boston, MA. She assists in the development of clinical practice guidelines and conducts systematic reviews and critical literature appraisals.
Ms Earley has reported no relevant financial relationships.

Rebecca Persson, BA, served as a research assistant at the Tufts Center for Kidney Disease Guideline Development and Implementation in Boston, MA, until 2008. She assisted in the development of clinical practice guidelines and conducted systematic reviews and critical literature appraisals. Mrs Persson has reported no relevant financial relationships.